Electrode for gas or vapor electric apparatus.



M. VON REOKLINGHAUSBN. ELECTRODE FOR GAS OR VAPOR ELECTRIC APPARATUS. APPQIGATION FILED APR.29,1911.

1,1 m wm Patented Sept. 15, 1914.

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MAX "Jon EECKLINGHAUSEN,

MENTS, CGRPOBATION 6 NEW JERSEY.

nnnc'rnonu T COOPER HEV ITT ELECTRIC COM'PANY, OF

GAS 0R VAPUEL HOBOKEN, NEW JERSEY, A.

ELEQTRIC APPARATUS.

original applicalion filed February 1%, 1903, Serial Ii'o. 143,311.

application filed April 23, 1311.

180?, Serial E0. $55,845.- Divided and this of Lelters Eatent.

Divided and. application filed February 5,

Serial No. 624,165.

T x1] whom if? Hwy mimrrm'n llc it known that l. lvLlAt; ou liECKLlXG- i llAlfSllN, n subject. of the. lihnpcror ol' (rerion-my, null residcnt of ,lhu'is Franco, have invented certain now and useful lmrgrovcmono; in lllcctroiles lor iikXS or Vapor l cctric Apparatus, of, which tho following is u ripi-zcil'icntion. i

Tho present invention is applical'ilc to tho 5 general class oi gun or vapor clcctric app intus im'cntcil by Poker Cooper l cwitl'. and dcscribcd and ,shown in certain patents issued to him on the 17th. day of Sopicinben 1901.

in apparatus oi this class Whether used for the purpose of giving: light or for any been customary, when 3 ihc material for other purpose. 5?; has 'li'uind convenient. to usio conductir fluid such as n wl"(f\ll} During tho m croticn oi one or mom of the clam rodeo lhc uppiu'iituss some of; this mercury is rnporizced-und n'iterwzu'd cooled, usually in a. special cooling chu nbcr. ll special niczins huro been. dcrisoil i the coi'iilcnsulion duo in cooling.

curs nilcr J ices have. been sugzgostcd for although do: carrying soino oi rho mercury which car ricd away from the ni'rgzitive roilo brick to the said electrode alter cimdenuution. any, through a ciz l lube provided for the our-- pose.

The present invention aims at providing; inoro acci'irir'zcly ringed Ice-distribution of zi'illfull y appear hcrcinl u the incrcury; us

only provide suitable.

For the several electrodes 3 example,' Ll

containing other conoucting devised so to contain the i proper Amount of liuid to servo or an elecl trode and to proscnt within the chamber of l lhe apparatus a suitable ninonnlof surface for the purpose. for which the apparatus is designcd.

1 nmy then so dispose rho cooling chamber in which tho greater part of the coodcnsm.

poclicts being .i lion loch-2s place ith rclntion to the several l pockets as to proridc. ior a rcturi'i oi the which may have. been \Viihdi'nii'ii from the said pockets (luring the operation of the lump? or by any means whatsoever, lahc said pockets in succcssion, so that any direci ier conduccn'ig lluid will, on the entrance of ,any morc ihnd,

of condensation overflow and transfer the overflow to the. next pocket and so on. until all the pockets in the series are suitably filled. I may accomplish this by giving to the apparatus a Suitable slope running from the cooling or condensing chamber downward whereby the force of grm'ity will carry lhc condensed vapors from pocket to pocket. as described. 7 Should it be desired to utilize a non-fluid or solid substance one of the electrodes, or {L fluid of'unouher character, or should it, for any reason he undesirable to deliver the con 'lcnscd vapor to one of the electrodes, the tube may belurned away from the general. downward slope and may thus be remover From the path of flow.

it is now known that apparatus of this class is often provided with u. considernhlc niunbcr of electrodes. For exz'implc, a well,- lqnown form of appoint-us contains a singlo neg-Aline electrode and a plurality of posilire eleamrodcs, while a snpphiincntal cloctrode is often employed as one. terminal 0 a current circuit adapted to maintain tho passage of current oi ono tl'irough the u 'ipzirotus.

i have illustrated my invention in the accomimnying drawings, in which l igure 1 in a section of :1 gas or ruporelectric apparatus amar-nriows of modifications.

Referring to the drawings, 1 is ad opted to inclose conducting gas or vapor {ind being provided with pockets 2 3. l, and as shown. Thesepockets arc ad opted to contain a conducling'fiuid which in this inst-once is represented mercury, and the pockets 2, 3 and 5, may be assumed to conluin the 4 trodes, while the pocket 4, may contain the mercury conslitutii'ig the negative clectrodc, and the pocket (3 may contain the mercury constituting the supplemental electrode. Suitable loud Wires arcconncct'c l through the, walls of the pockets with lhc electrodes contained therein. 1

It is unnecessary n, container to 'iro in detail. the

b to l operation of an apparatus of this sort lurthcr than to say that such operation has lor direction mercury constituting positive aloe-- cury will pass into enter the pocket 2, pool et has been depleted of a portion of its one of its effects the vaporization of a portion of the conducting fluid andjhe circula-v chamber, as 7 is generally provided, and in this instance I locate such chamber at-the summit of the apparatus, and incline the tubular portion 1 with respect to the said cooling chamber so as to give to the mercury whiclris condensed thcrein'a tendency to de scend along the tube by the action of gravity. In its descent the condensed vapor Will and in case that mercury, the descending mercury will now refill it, and when such refilling-has taken place, the pocket will overflow and the merthe'next pocket in theserice ,end'so on. In this Way the, several pockets are maintained full, or nearly so, at all times, and the mercury which is with drawn by-the operation of the apparatus is redistributed sucha way as to restore normal conditions.

iii-Fin. 2 the some rinciple'is illustrated, the poo acts in this instance-being two in number, oneof thennes 8, containing the positive electrode, and the other, as is the negative electrode. In both instances, suitable leadoviies are connected through the Walls of the pooketvvitli the electrodes contained therein.

Fig. 3 illustrates a construction in which one ofthe electrodes, say the supplemental electrode, appearing at 10, is of'some solid substance such as iron The electrode 10 is arranged in a raiscd'portion'of the tube-and is not subject to being fed by the downward fiow'oi, the concluctinv fluid, as is thecasc with the other electro" es.

Short circuits between. the electrodes dun ing the transfer of fluid from one pocket to another may be prevented by'introducing obstructions just in advance of each pocket, as illustratedas 11, 1]., The fluid on striking these obstructions will be momentarily checked and on leaving them will be accelcrated so that there is not likely to be a com tinuous stream of mercury between two suc cessivc pockets v Experiment has proved, however, that if a narrow channel forthe descent of the mercury from electrode to electrode be formed in the glass, the short-circuit which then be established. between successive elec trodes will affect the stream of mercury which is so narrow that it will be dissipated or vaporized by the sl1ort-circuit without. serious interference with the action of the apparatus. This construction mavbe'substituted for the one above describe The means already described are merely illustrative of typical forms of devices whereby the present invention may heflcarried out. Many other einbodimei'its of'the invention might be made Without substem tial departure from the principle of this invention.

This application is ayzl-ivision of my eppliing atubular portion making an oblique anle to the horizontal and a condcnsin chain: her located at the upper end oi the 'lilfillfild portioina mercury electrode the lower end of said container and at least one-electrode located on the undcr side of said tubular portion intermediate betweensale" condens mg chamber and said first named electrode;

2, A vapor electric apparatus comprising.

an exhausted container, said container including an inclined portionmaking an oblique angle with auvertical, a condensing chamber at the upper enclthercof draining into said inclined portion, a plurality of electrodes therefor, one being a mercuryelectrodes t the other end of said inclined portion located to receive the condensation passing through said inclined portion, the remaining mercury electrodes being located above first named electrode in the said inclined position A mercury vapor apparatus comprising till an exhausted container, said container ineluding two tubular portions mal'ng an oblique anglewith a horizontal, ap uraiity of electrodes therein, one being a mercury electrode located in'a pocket below the other electrodes and communicating with both said tubular portions, the other electrodes being located in said extensionsand at least one of said electrodes so located beluga solid anode.

Signed at Paris, France.

, IvlAX von RECKLINGHAUSEN. Witnesses:

H. G. Cox's, .JACK H. BAKER.

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